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Knowledge Check: Basic Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology

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Question 1 of 15

1. Question

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of blood into and out of the right side of the heart?

Superior/inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> mitral valve -> right ventricle -> main pulmonary artery

Superior/inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> mitral valve -> right ventricle -> main pulmonary vein

Superior/inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> main pulmonary artery

Superior/inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> main pulmonary vein

Hint

The number of leaflets making up the intracardiac valves of each side of the heart is the same as the number of lobes in the lung on that side.
Question 2 of 15

2. Question

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of blood into and out of the left side of the heart?

Pulmonary arteries -> left atrium -> tricuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aorta

Pulmonary arteries -> left atrium -> mitral valve -> left ventricle -> aorta

Pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> tricuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aorta

Pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> mitral valve -> leftventricle -> aorta

Hint

Remember that veins always ultimately drain into the heart.
Question 3 of 15

3. Question

Which of the following coronary arteries most commonly originates from the left main coronary artery?

A. Posterior descending artery

B. Circumflex coronary artery

C. Conus artery

A and B

B and C

A and C

All of the above

Hint

The left coronary artery commonly has two branches.
Question 4 of 15

4. Question

Which of the following coronary arteries most commonly originates from the right main coronary artery?

A. Posterior descending artery

B. Circumflex coronary artery

C. Conus artery

A and B

B and C

A and C

All of the above

Hint

The right coronary artery commonly has three branches.
Question 5 of 15

5. Question

Blood from the coronary circulation empties into the cardiac veins and then intothe coronary sinus, which empties into the ________________.

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Hint

Consider which chamber all other deoxygenated blood returns to.
Question 6 of 15

6. Question

Electrical impulses originate in the _______________, located at the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava.

Sinoatrial node

Atrioventricular node

Bundle of His

Bundle branches

Hint

Which of the above structures is located in the right atrium?
Question 7 of 15

7. Question

Which of the following structures conducts electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles?

A. Sinoatrial node

B. Bundle of His

C. Bundle branches of the ventricles

A and B

B and C

A and C

All of the above

Hint

Remember that the electrical impulse from the atrioventricular node must be conducted to both the right and left ventricles
Question 8 of 15

8. Question

The P-wave of an electrocardiogram corresponds to:

Ventricular contraction

Ventricular repolarization

Atrial contraction

Atrial repolarization

Time from onset of atrial contraction to onset of ventricular contraction

Time of complete depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles

Hint

Which chambers contract first in the cardiac cycle?
Question 9 of 15

9. Question

The QRS complex of an electrocardiogram corresponds to:

Ventricular contraction

Ventricular repolarization

Atrial contraction

Atrial repolarization

Time from onset of atrial contraction to onset of ventricular contraction

Time of complete depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles

Hint

Which chambers contract second in the cardiac cycle?
Question 10 of 15

10. Question

Elevation or depression of the ________ may indicate heart muscle ischemia.

P-wave

PR interval

QRS complex

ST segment

QT interval

Hint

Which of the answer choices represents the complete depolarization of the ventricles?
Question 11 of 15

11. Question

A prolonged ____________ is a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias and death.

P-wave

PR interval

QRS complex

ST segment

QT interval

Hint

Which of the answer choices represents the complete depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles?
Question 12 of 15

12. Question

In the normal heart, the oxygen saturation of blood leaving the left ventricle is:

88%

92%

95%

Greater than 95%

Hint

In the normal heart, there is no mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Question 13 of 15

13. Question

Under normal circumstances, approximately how much oxygen is normally extracted from the blood by the body?

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Hint

Normal mixed venous saturation is around 75%.
Question 14 of 15

14. Question

The best location to obtain a mixed venous saturation is from:

A. A peripheral intravenous line

B. A radial arterial line

C. A pulmonary artery catheter

A and B

B and C

A and C

All of the above

Hint

Which of the above types of lines allows one to sample venous blood that has returned from the entire body?
Question 15 of 15

15. Question

A low mixed venous saturation may be an indication of:

Intracardiac shunting

Low cardiac output

High cardiac output

Increased systemic vascular resistance

Hint

A low mixed venous saturation suggests that more oxygen is being extracted by the peripheral tissues.

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